Effects of a six-week plyometric training program on balance, jumping ability, and between-leg asymmetry in young adult basketball players
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Improving balance, jumping ability and unilateral actions is of great importance in basketball. The key question is how to get it. Eighteen amateur basketball players (age: 23 ± 2.8 years; height: 185.3 ± 0.064 m; body mass: 85.2 ± 9.9 kg) participated in this study and were divided into the experimental group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 8). The following metrics were recorded one week before and one week after the training program: anthropometric measurements, Y-Balance, Standing Stork, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, arm-inclusive bilateral-vertical countermovement jump, unilateral 0.2-m drop jump, and Triple-Hop tests. The experimental group underwent a moderate-intensity six-week plyometric training program which included bilateral and unilateral jumps, some performed consecutively and others with rest between jumps. Results indicate that right ankle ROM improve 9.8% (p = .012), YBT Right Anterior (6.4%; 0.063) and YBT Left Posteromedial (6.2%; 0.010). In jumping ability, RSI left improve of 18.6% (p = .019), DJ Height Left (13.1%; 0.037) and DJ Height Right (11%; 0.025). Regards asymmetry the only statistically significant improvement occurs in the Ankle ROM test, with an improvement of 60.8% (p = .017).
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (JHSE). Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Asadi, A., Villarreal, E.S., & Arazi, H. (2015). The effects of plyometric type neuromuscular training on postural control performance of male team basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1870-1875. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000832
Bahr, R.; Krosshaug, T. (2005). Understanding injury mechanisms: A key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br. J. Sports Med. 39, 324-329. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.018341
Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R.A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574-1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.996184
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Bishop, C.; Turner, A.; Read, P. (2018). Effects of Inter-Limb Asymmetries on Physical and Sports Performance: A Systematic Review. J. Sports Sci. 36, 1135-1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1361894
Bond, C.W., Cook, S.B., Swartz, E.E., & Laroche, D.P. (2017). Asymmetry of lower extremity force and muscle activation during knee extension and functional tasks. Muscle nerve, 56(3), 495-504. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25506
Booth, M.A., & Orr, R. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on sports performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000183
Brachman, A., Kamieniarz, A., Michalska, J., Pawlowski, M., Slomka, K.J., & Juras, G. (2017). Balance Training Programs in Athletes-A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58, 45-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0088
Chaouachi, A., Othman, A.B., Hammami, R., Drinkwater, E.J., ; Behm, D.G. (2014). The combination of plyometric and balance training improves sprint and shuttle run performances more often than plyometric-only training with children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(2), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182987059
Chaouachi, M., Granacher, U., Makhlouf, I., Hammami, R., Behm, D.G., & Chaouachi, A. (2017). Within session sequence of balance and plyometric exercises does not affect training adaptations with youth soccer athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 16(1), 125-136.
Diallo, O.; Dore, E.; Duche, P.; Van Praagh, E. Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training programme on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players. J. Sport Med. Phys. Fit. 2001, 41, 342-348.
Dos'Santos, T., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., & Jones, P.A. (2018). Comparison of Change of Direction Speed Performance and Asymmetries between Team-Sport Athletes: Application of Change of Direction Deficit. Sports, 6(4), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040174
Fernandez, J., Camerino, O., Anguera, M.T., & Jonsson, G.K. (2009). Identifying and analyzing the construction and effectiveness of offensive plays in basketball by using systematic observation. Behavior Research Methods, 41(3),719-730. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.3.719
Filipa, A., Byrnes, R., Paterno, M.V., Myer, G.D., & Hewett, T.E. (2010). Neuromuscular training improves performance on the star excursion balance test in young female athletes. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40(9), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3325
Fouré, A.; Nordez, A.; Guette, M.; Cornu, C. Effects of plyometric training on passive stiffness of gastrocnemii and the musculo-articular complex of the ankle joint. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2009, 19, 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00853.x
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J.L., Casajús, J.A., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Single-leg power output and between-limbs imbalances in team-sport players: Unilateral versus bilateral combined resistance training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0743
González-Fernández, F. T., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Falces-Prieto, M., Nobari, H., & Clemente, F. M. (2022). Exploring the Y-Balance-Test scores and inter-limb asymmetry in soccer players: Differences between competitive level and field positions. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00438-w
Guan, Y., Bredin, S. S., Taunton, J., Jiang, Q., Wu, N., & Warburton, D. E. (2022). Association between inter-limb asymmetries in lower-limb functional performance and sport injury: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(2), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020360
Hammami, R., Granacher, U., Makhlouf, I., Behm, D.G., & Chaouachi, A. (2016). Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3278-3289. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001425
Hegedus, E. J., McDonough, S. M., Bleakley, C., Baxter, D., & Cook, C. E. (2015). Clinician‐friendly lower extremity physical performance tests in athletes: A systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury. Part 2‐‐the tests for the hip, thigh, foot and ankle including the star excursion balance test. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(10), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094341
Kobal R, Loturco I, Barroso R, Gil S, Cuniyochi R, Ugrinow-itsch C et al (2017) Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001609
Komi PV, Gollhofer A. (1997). Stretch reflex can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC-exercise. J Appl Biomech 13:451-9. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.4.451
Kons, R.L.; Dal Pupo, J.; Gheller, R.G.; Costa, F.E.; Rodrigues, M.M.; Bishop, C.; Detanico, D. Effects of successive judo matches on interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit. Phys. Ther. Sport 2021, 47, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.10.007
Kurt, C.; Canli, U.; Erdas ̧, S.E.; Poli, L.; Carvutto, R.; Cataldi, S.; Fischetti, F.; Greco, G. (2023). Effectiveness of Vertical versus Horizontal Plyometric Training on Stretch-Shortening Cycle Performance Enhancement in Adolescent Soccer Players. Healthcare 11, 1615. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111615
Ličen, U., & Kozinc, Ž. (2023). The influence of inter-limb asymmetries in muscle strength and power on athletic performance: a review. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230310
Lloyd, R.S., Oliver, J.L., Hughes, M.G., & Williams, C.A. (2009). Reliability and validity of field-based measures of leg stiffness and reactive strength index in youths. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(14), 1565-1573. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903311572
McElveen, M.T., Riemann, B.L., & Davies, G.J. (2010). Bilateral comparison of propulsion mechanics during single-leg vertical jumping. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2), 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c06e0b
McInnes SE, Carlson JS, Jones CJ, McKenna MJ (1995). The physiological load imposed on basketball players during competition. J Sports Sci 13(5): 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419508732254
Meszler, B., & Váczi, M. (2019). Effects of short-term in-season plyometric training in adolescent female basketball players. Physiology International, 106(2), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.1556/2060.106.2019.14
Meylan, C., McMaster, T., Cronin, J., Mohammad, N.I., Rogers, C., & Deklerk, M. (2009). Single-leg lateral, horizontal, and vertical jump assessment: reliability, interrelationships, and ability to predict sprint and change-of-direction performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1140-1147. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318190f9c2
Miller, M.G., Berry, D.C., Bullard, S., ; Gilders, R. (2002). Comparisons of land-based and aquatic-based plyometric programs during an 8-week training period. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 11(4), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.11.4.268
Mohammadi, V., Hilfiker, R., Jafarnezhadgero, A.A., Jamialahmadi, S., Ardakani, M.K., & Granacher, U. (2017). Relationship between Training-Induced Changes in the Star Excursion Balance Test and the Y Balance Test in Young Male Athletes. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 5(3), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.29252/acadpub.aassjournal.5.3.31
Myrick, S. (2007). Injury prevention and performance enhancement: a training program for basketball. Connecticut Medicine, 71(1), 5-8.
Ozbar, N., Ates, S., & Agopyan, A. (2014). The effect of 8-week plyometric training on leg power, jump and sprint performance in female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(10), 2888-2894. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000541
Plisky P, Schwartkopf-Phifer K, Huebner B, Garner MB, Bullock G. (2021). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter: Reliability, Discriminant Validity, and Predictive Validity. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 16(5):1190-1209. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.27634
Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W., & Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911-919. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2244
Rafagnin, C. Z., Ferreira, A. D. S., Telles, G. F., Lemos de Carvalho, T., Alexandre, D. J. D. A., & Nogueira, L. A. C. (2023). Anterior component of Y‐Balance test is correlated to ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in futsal players: A cross‐sectional study. Physiotherapy Research International, e2028. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.2028
Ramachandran AK, Singh U, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM, Afonso J and Granacher U (2021). Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol. 12:730945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.730945
Ramirez-Campillo, R.; Moran, J.; Chaabene, H.; Granacher, U.; Behm, D.; García-Hermoso, A.; Izquierdo, M. (2020). Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review update. Scand. J. Med. Sci Sports. 30, 983-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13633
Ramírez-Campillo R, García-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. (2022). The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 11:656 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Burgos, C.H., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Andrade, D.C., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C., …, & Izquierdo, M. (2015a). Effect of unilateral, bilateral, and combined plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance of young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1317-1328. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000762
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Gallardo, F., Henriquez-Olguín, C., Meylan, C.M.P., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C., …, & Izquierdo, M. (2015b). Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on explosive, balance, and endurance performance of young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1784-1795. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000827
Read, M.M., & Cisar, C. (2001). The influence of varied rest interval lengths on depth jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(3), 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200108000-00003
Rhouni N, Dabbs NC, Gillum T, Coburn JW (2019). Acute effect of mini-trampoline jumping on vertical jump and balance performance. Int J Kinesiol Sport Sci 7(2): 1. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.1
Smith, C. A., Chimera, N. J., & Warren, M. (2015). Association of y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in division I athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(1), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000380
Spurrs, R.W.; Murphy, A.J.; Watsford, M.L. (2003). The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 89, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-002-0741-y
Stöckel, T., & Carey, D.P. (2016). Laterality effects on performance in team sports: insights from soccer and basketball. In F. Loffing, N. Hagemann, B. Strauss, & C. MacMahon (Eds.), Laterality in Sports (pp. 309-328). USA: Academic Press. Cambridge, M.A. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801426-4.00014-6
Suchomel TJ, Wagle JP, Douglas J, Taber CB, Harden M, Ha GG, et al. (2019) Implementing eccentric resistance training: part 2: practical recommendations. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 4 (3): 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030055
Sáez-Sáez de Villarreal, E., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W.J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b7c6
Taube W, Leukel C, Gollhofer A. (2012). How neurons make us jump: The neural control of stretch-shortening cycle movements. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 40:106-15. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e31824138da
Thomas, C., Comfort, P., Dos'Santos, T., & Jones, P.A. (2017). Determining bilateral strength imbalances in youth basketball athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(9), 683-690. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-112340
Villarreal, E.S., González-Badillo, J.J., & Izquierdo, M. (2008). Low and moderate plyometric training frequency produces greater jumping and sprinting gains compared with high frequency. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 715-725. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318163eade
Ziv G, Lidor R. (2010). Vertical jump in female and male basketball players: a review of observational and experimental studies. J Sci Med Sport. 13:332-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.009