Examining social support and self-esteem in high-performance sportswomen in Spain
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived social support is related to self-esteem and the type of sport performed by elite female athletes. 243 Spanish elite female athletes completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results show that the greatest social support for high-performance sportswomen is family. The social support of the family and the group of friends has an impact on their self-esteem. Athletes who practice team sports versus those who practice individual sports have higher self-esteem and perceive friends as their main social support. In addition, family social support predicts self-esteem.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (JHSE). Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
References
Brown, C. J., Webb, T. L., Robinson, M. A., & Cotgreave, R. (2018). Athletes' experiences of social support during their transition out of elite sport: An interpretive phenomenological analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 36, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.01.003
Coatsworth, J.D., Conroy, D.E. (2006). Enhancing the self-esteem of youth swimmers through coach training: Gender and age effects, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.08.005
Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B., & Underwood, L. (2000). Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. Underwood, & B. Gottlieb (Eds.), Measuring and intervening in social support (pp. 3-25). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195126709.003.0001
Cranmer, G. A., & Sollitto, M. (2015). Sport support: Received social support as a predictor of athlete satisfaction. Communication Research Reports, 32, 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2015.1052900
Dambi, J. M., Corten, L., Chiwaridzo, M., Jack, H., Mlambo, T., & Jelsma, J. A. (2018) systematic review of the psychometric properties of the cross-cultural translations and adaptations of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS). Health Qual Life Outcomes, 16(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0912-0
Freeman, P., & Rees, T. (2008). The effects of perceived and received support on objective performance outcomes. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390802261439
Gabana, N. T., Steinfeldt, J. A., Wong, Y. J., & Chung, Y. B. (2017). Gratitude, burnout, and sport satisfaction among college student-athletes: The mediating role of perceived social support. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(1), 14-33. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0011
Galante, M., Ward, R.M. (2017). Female student leaders: An examination of transformational leadership, athletics, and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.017
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update. Allyn & Bacon.
Gliem, J., & Gliem, R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
Goodwin, R., Costa, P., & Adonu, J. (2004). Social support and its consequences: ''Positive'' and ''deficiency'' values and their implications for support and self-esteem. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 465-474. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144666042038006
Hatteberg, S.J. (2021)A Tale of Many Sources: The Perceived Benefits of Significant Other, Similar Other, and Significant and Similar Other Social Support. Sociological Perspectives, 64(1), 37-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121420908885
Holt, N. L., & Hoar, S. D. (2006). The multidimensional construct of social support. In S. Hanton & S. D. Mellalieu (Eds.), Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 199-225). Nova.
Kang, S., Jeon, H., Kwon, S., Park, S. (2015)Parental attachment as a mediator between parental social support and self-esteem as perceived by Korean sports middle and high school athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 120(1), 288-303. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.PMS.120v11x6
Katagami, E., & Tsuchiya, H. (2016). Effects of social support on athletes' psychological well-being: The correlations among received support, perceived support, and personality. Psychology, 7(13), 1741. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.713163
Levy, S. S. and Ebbeck, V. (2005). The exercise and self-esteem model in adult women: The inclusion of physical acceptance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 6(5): 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2004.09.003
Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., and Grijalbo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458-467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727
Mastrogianni, A., Psychountaki, M., Donti, O. (2020). Self-perceptions and self-esteem in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts: Is training level a determinant? Science of Gymnastics Journal, 12(3), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.357-366
Muñoz-Villena AJ, Gómez-López M, González-Hernández J. (2020). Perfectionism Profiles and Anger Responses: The Relevant Role of Self-Esteem in Athletes of Professional Quarries. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(4), 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041416
Nurullah, A.S. (2012). Received and Provided Social Support: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. American Journal of Health Studies, 27(3), 173-188.
Park, I. A., Lee, K. S., & Hong, S. B. (2020). The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social Support and Psychological Happiness of Table Tennis Athletes. Journal of Asian Society for Health & Exercise, 2(2), 67-82.
Pedrosa, I., García-Cueto, E., Suárez-Álvarez, J., & Sánchez, B. P. (2012). Adaptación española de una Escala de Apoyo Social percibido para deportistas. Psicothema, 24(3), 470-476.
Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., & Kerr, G. (2018). Providing social support to female Olympic athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 40(4), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0008
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Rouquette, O. Y., Knight, C. J., Lovett, V. E., Barrell, D., & Heuzé, J. P. (2021). The positive association between perceived parental responsiveness and self-esteem, anxiety, and thriving among youth rugby players: A multigroup analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1883311
Schwarzer, C., & Buchwald, P. (2004). Social support. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of appliedpyschology. (pp. 435-441). AcademicPress. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-657410-3/00414-1
Sijtsma K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha. Psychometrika, 74, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
Thelwell, R. C., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Chapman, M. T., & Kenttä, G. (2017). Examining coaches' perceptions of how their stress influences the coach-athlete relationship. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35, 1928-1939. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1241422
Thoits, P. A. (2010). Stress and health: Major findings and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl), S41-S53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383499
Trejos-Herrera, A. M., Bahamón, M. J., Alarcón-Vásquez, Y., Vélez, J. I., & Vinaccia, S. (2018). Validity and reliability of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in Colombian adolescents. Psychosocial Intervention, 27(1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2018a1
Warburton, D. E., & Bredin, S. S. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current opinion in cardiology, 32(5), 541-556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
Zimet, G.D., Dahlem, N.W., Zimet, S.G. & Farley, G.K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Zimet, G.D., Powell, S.S., Farley, G.K., Werkman, S. & Berkoff, K.A. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 610-17. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5503&4_17